CONTENTS
ABSTRACT
PREFACE
LIST OF TABLES
LIST OF FIGURES
1 INTRODUCTION
1.1 The language situation in Finland
1.2 Gradual spread of English in globalising post-war Finland
1.3 Language education and language education policy in Finland
1.4 Background of the survey
1.4.1 Survey as a part of a multi-dimensional research programme
1.4.2 Key findings in qualitative studies
1.4.3 The present survey and surveys elsewhere concerning the role of English as a second/foreign language
1.5 Key aims of the survey
1.6 Relevance of the survey
2 METHODS
2.1 Questionnaire
2.2 Sampling and data collection
2.3 Background variables
2.4 Statistical analyses
3 LANGUAGES IN YOUR LIFE
3.1 Results
3.1.1 Respondents’ mother tongue
3.1.2 Mother tongue of family members
3.1.3 Respondents’ mono- and multilingualism
3.1.4 Language of basic education
3.1.5 Travel abroad
3.1.6 Living abroad and the languages used there
3.1.7 Foreign language studies
3.1.8 Uses of foreign languages
3.1.9 Foreign languages in the Finnish environment
3.2 Summary and discussion
4 ENGLISH IN YOUR LIFE
4.1 Results
4.1.1 Personal significance of English
4.1.2 English in the respondents’ environment
4.1.3 Most and least attractive varieties of English
4.1.4 Opinions on teaching conducted in English
4.1.5 Opinions on the use of English as the internal language of companies
4.1.6 Opinions on Finns’ efforts when speaking English
4.1.7 The importance of English in Finland
4.1.8 English as an international language
4.2 Summary and discussion
5 STUDYING AND KNOWING ENGLISH
5.1 Results
5.1.1 Duration of English studies
5.1.2 Self-evaluation of English skills
5.1.3 Ratings of respondents’ own English skills
5.1.4 Feelings of inadequacy in English skills
5.1.5 Where English is learnt
5.2 Summary and discussion
6 USES OF ENGLISH
6.1 Results
6.1.1 Where English is used most
6.1.2 Listening to English in free time
6.1.3 Reading in English in free time
6.1.4 Writing in English in free time
6.1.5 Speaking English in free time
6.1.6 Uses of English: Summary
6.1.7 Use of English on the internet and in playing electronic games
6.1.8 Use of English at work
6.1.9 Opinions concerning personal English use
6.1.10 Reasons for using English
6.1.11 Respondents as speakers of English and of the mother tongue: self-comparisons
6.2 Summary and discussion
7 ENGLISH ALONGSIDE THE MOTHER TONGUE
7.1 Results
7.1.1 Opinions on the mixing of the mother tongue with English
7.1.2 Mixing the mother tongue and English in speech and writing
7.1.3 Persons with whom respondents mix English and the mother tongue in speech and writing
7.1.4 Reasons for mixing the mother tongue and English
7.2 Summary and discussion
8 THE FUTURE OF ENGLISH IN FINLAND
8.1 Results
8.1.1 English as an official language in Finland
8.1.2 The position of English in 20 years’ time
8.1.3 English as a replacement for Finnish
8.1.4 The need to know different languages in the future
8.1.5 Languages that could challenge English
8.1.6 Could ignorance of English lead to exclusion from some areas of life?
8.2 Summary
9 DISCUSSION
9.1 Language attitudes
9.2 Skills and uses of English
9.3 Language identity in change
9.4 Differences between social groups: Haves, have-nots, and have-it-alls
9.5 The future of English in Finland
9.6 Conclusion
BIBLIOGRAPHY
APPENDIX 1 - Tables | Open PDF
APPENDIX 2 - Questionnaire | Open PDF
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